There are a couple of possibilities here. Your BSOD doesn't state Inaccessible Boot Device error. This would be a missing or corrupt driver for the controller operate mode you are using. Hardware failure is secondary.
7b can also be caused by software corruption, or application error. You mentioned that it occurs at the end of POST during handoff to the OS. This would be when the video driver takes over with the OS Loader. That is an old video card you are using. Do you have something more recent to test with?
Just to confirm memory wise. You have 2x8GB correct? Not 1x16GB single DIMM. Can't imagine this would work.
Can you tell us about the disks, brand/models? Did you perform a fresh install of windows 10 on both for testing? Or were they "pulled' from another machine. Windows is robust, but lets not give MS that much credit.
You also mentioned after checking BIOS that memory and CPU settings are "where they should be". Meaning where you want them or are you using defaults, automatic settings? If you are doing any OC, please stop, revert to default and retest. Using XMP for the memory as ElectroStingz suggests is fine.
How many disks are connected to the system? Just boot drive, etc? Anything else connected besides a mouse, keyboard and speakers?
The more info you can provide, the easier it might be for us to help.