Hi there,
From your description of the beeps I would guess that the system is posting normally (the short beep) then a system alarm is being triggered (long beep). This could be due to the CPU Fan not starting up straight away, especially if you have the Cool & Quiet option enabled. Check BIOS settings to confirm if this is the case.
The memory not being reported properly during POST is down to the motherboard, BIOS, RAM Modules or combination of these items. The Windows OS has no bearing on things until after this stage.
Without more details of your hardware it is impossible to say what may be causing the BSOD's. If you could post back with Motherboard Revision, BIOS version, CPU, RAM Modules, Hard drives, GPU, PSU and other hardware it could help with tracing the problem. Of course, the BSOD's could be caused by the Software environment and, if it is due to this, it may be almost impossible to track down.