All the RAM modules are working.
The problem, as far as I can tell, and possibly one supported by a post I found elsewhere, is due to poor contact between the CPU and the pins on the motherboard. Someone reported similar problems, and he found that reseating the heaksink helped.
I have done this, too, but to no avail, but I think the problem lies with temperature... when the PC is warn, all memory is enabled. When it is cold, only half is enabled. So, I can only imagine that overnight, when it gets very cold in the PC room (it's north facing, and not well heated) there is some mobo shrinkage that is leading to poor contacts.
After posting my original message, everything suddenly started working properly, and remained so until a period of no use, when the problem returned.
Curious.
My old mobo would fail to recognise the hard drives in very cold weather.
Shrinkage is something that Gigabyte could possible look at?